Energy-Aware Forwarding Strategy for Metro Ethernet Networks

Energy optimization has become a crucial issue in the realm of ICT. This paper addresses the problem of energy consumption in a Metro Ethernet network. Ethernet technology deployments have been increasing tremendously because of their simplicity and low cost. However, much research remains to be conducted to address energy efficiency in Ethernet networks. In this paper, we propose a novel Energy Aware Forwarding Strategy for Metro Ethernet networks based on a modification of the Internet Energy Aware Routing (EAR) algorithm. Our contribution identifies the set of links to turn off and maintain links with minimum energy impact on the active state. Our proposed algorithm could be a superior choice for use in networks with low saturation, as it involves a tradeoff between maintaining good network performance and minimizing the active links in the network. Performance evaluation shows that, at medium load traffic, energy savings of 60% can be achieved. At high loads, energy savings of 40% can be achieved without affecting the network performance

A comparative study of loRaWAN, sigFox, and NB-IoT for smart water grid

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) are becoming the powerful communication technologies of the IoT of tomorrow. LoRaWAN, SigFox, and NB-IoT are the three competing LPWAN technologies. On the other hand, Smart Water Grid (SWG) is an emerging paradigm that promises to overcome issues such as pipes leaks encountered by current water infrastructure by deploying smart devices into the water infrastructure for monitoring purposes. This paper firstly explores the physical and communication features of the above LPWAN technologies and provides a comprehensive comparison between them as well as their suitability for the Smart Water Grid (SWG) use case. The important aspect of SWG is to connect devices such as smart water meters and other tiny devices like sensors installed into the water pipelines for the system monitoring purpose. We consider Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) also called Smart Water Metering when dealing with the water grid, which is the main application of SWG and we study the scalability of LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, and SigFox in such application. Under NS3, the simulation results show that NB-IoT provides the best scalability compared to LoRaWAN and SigFox and thus is able to support a huge number of devices with a low packet error rate.publishe

A Novel System for Confidential Medical Data Storage Using Chaskey Encryption and Blockchain Technology

يعد التخزين الآمن للمعلومات الطبية السرية أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لمنظمات الرعاية الصحية التي تسعى إلى حماية خصوصية المريض والامتثال للمتطلبات التنظيمية. في هذا البحث، نقدم نظامًا جديدًا للتخزين الآمن للبيانات الطبية باستخدام تقنية تشفير Chaskey و blockchain. يستخدم النظام تشفير Chaskey لضمان سرية وسلامة البيانات الطبية، وتكنولوجيا blockchain لتوفير حلول تخزين البيانات الطبية بحيث يكون قابل للتطوير ويتميز باللامركزية. يستخدم النظام أيضًا تقنيات Bflow للتجزئة ومنها التجزئة الرأسية لتعزيز قابلية التوسع وإدارة البيانات المخزنة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يستخدم النظام العقود الذكية لفرض سياسات التحكم في الوصول والتدابير الأمنية الأخرى. سنقدم وصف للنظام المقترح بالتفصيل ونقدم تحليلاً لخصائصه الأمنية والأداء. تظهر نتائجنا أن النظام يوفر حلاً آمنًا للغاية وقابل للتطوير لتخزين البيانات الطبية السرية، مع تطبيقات محتملة في مجموعة واسعة من إعدادات الرعاية الصحية.Secure storage of confidential medical information is critical to healthcare organizations seeking to protect patient's privacy and comply with regulatory requirements. This paper presents a new scheme for secure storage of medical data using Chaskey cryptography and blockchain technology. The system uses Chaskey encryption to ensure integrity and confidentiality of medical data, blockchain technology to provide a scalable and decentralized storage solution. The system also uses Bflow segmentation and vertical segmentation technologies to enhance scalability and manage the stored data. In addition, the system uses smart contracts to enforce access control policies and other security measures. The description of the system detailing and provide an analysis of its security and performance characteristics. The resulting images were tested against a number of important metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), bit error rate (BER), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Normalization Correlation (NC) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). Our results showing that the system provides a highly secure and scalable solution for storing confidential medical data, with potential applications in a wide range of healthcare settings

Dynamic Intrusion Detection Framework for UAVCAN Protocol Using AI

International audienceIndustry 4.0 is going through a transitional period via the radically automotive transformations. In particular, unmanned aerial vehicles have significantly contributed to the development of intelligent and connected transportation systems. Thus, the continuous development using diverse technologies to achieve a variety of high-performance services raised the security concerns regarding communicating entities. Thus, being managed by networked controllers, UAVs uses controller area networks (CAN) protocol to broadcast information in a bus. However, this protocol is used as a de facto standard which does not have sufficient security features that raise the security risks. This issue caught the attention of the automotive industry researchers and several studies have attempted to improve the security of the CAN protocol attack detection. However, the proposed studies established general perspective solution and did not pay attention to UAVCAN attack detection. To alleviate these concerns, this paper proposed a dynamic intrusion detection frameworks (DIDF) for UAVCAN. The proposed UAVCAN DIDF scheme adopts an artificial intelligence (AI) based model to achieve high detection performance. We performed experiments using public UAVCAN dataset to evaluate our detection system. The experimental results demonstrate that UAVCAN DIDF has significantly reached a high detection rate with a high true positive and a low false negative rate. The simulation results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of UAVCAN DIDF

Communication technologies for Smart Water Grid applications: overview, opportunities, and research directions

Due to the aging of current water infrastructure and the increased demand for water resources, water distribution systems encounter several problems such as pipes leaks and bursts, water contamination or pollution, and water optimization issues. To cope with these issues, access to water-related data and information related to the water grid is fundamental in order to build sophisticated strategies for water management. Integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the current water infrastructure is one viable solution to access to water-related data. This new infrastructure that integrates ICT into the water distribution system is called Smart Water Grid (SWG). The information layer of the SWG requires well-suited communication networks. This paper reviews wireless communication technologies that can be exploited for the implementation of SWG applications. The paper mainly focuses on the exploration of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) that promise to overcome problems confronted by communication technologies used currently in SWG applications. Some of the wireless technologies used in SWG applications suffer from high power consumption issues while others are limited in terms of communication range. For future SWG applications, in this work we recommend LPWAN technologies due to their low power consumption, long communication range and excellent radio penetration. A range of challenges and research directions regarding the recommended LPWANs is also discussed.publishe

Study of Energy Saving in Carrier-Ethernet Network

International audienceEnergy saving is a really interesting topic in today's networks. Indeed Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) systems are energy greedy, they require more and more energy and as energy is more and more expensive we seek to save it. Accordingly, energy saving has recently received considerable attention, as a promising approach for delivering ICT services with environmentally conscious use of technology by implementing energy aware strategies in networks infrastructures which lead to improve network resources utilization. Thus this paper addresses the issue of energy consumption in telecommunication networks and especially in Carrier-Ethernet networks. We review and describe relevant works currently proposed for energy-efficient operation of wired network infrastructure. Besides surveying some of the different technical issues that researchers are currently facing to reduce the energy consumption in networking, this paper identifies some of the remaining key research challenges that arise when such energy-saving techniques are extended for use in Carrier Ethernet networks